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Sarah Johnson, M.D.

Department of Cardiology and Interventional Radiology

John Hopkins Hospital

A Proposal for a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial on the Use of Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and High Risk Features

Executive Summary:

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient outcomes associated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous aortic valve replacement (UAPAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis who possess high-risk features not adequately addressed by conventional surgical methods. This multicenter randomized clinical trial will enroll 500 eligible participants from five participating centers and last for two years, allowing comprehensive assessment of the intervention's short-term and long-term effects.

Study Design:

A prospective, multicenter randomized controlled trial will be conducted involving patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are deemed high risk for surgical valve replacement according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the treatment group, receiving UAPAVR using ultrasound guidance and biologic valves, or the control group, undergoing traditional open-heart aortic valve surgery with mechanical prostheses.

Outcome Measures:

Primary outcomes will include:

1. Mortality (all-cause) at 30 days and one year post-procedure

2. Valve-related events, such as structural deterioration or thrombosis within the first two years

3. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including myocardial infarction and stroke occurrences over a two-year follow-up period

4. Functional status measured by NYHA class at 6 months, one year, and two years post-procedure

5. Quality of life assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline, six months, one year, and two years

Secondary outcomes will include:

1. Cost analysis comparing UAPAVR with conventional surgical valve replacement over a two-year period

2. Complication rates post-procedure, such as bleeding or vascular access site problems

3. Echocardiographic measures of left ventricular function and heart structure at baseline, six months, one year, and two years

4. Patient satisfaction assessed using a validated questionnaire at each follow-up interval

5. Healthcare resource utilization rates within the first two years post-procedure

Sample Size Calculation:

The sample size for this study will be calculated based on detecting a clinically significant difference in survival rates between the treatment and control groups with 80% power to achieve an alpha level of 0.05 (two-sided). An initial estimate suggests a required total of 250 patients per group, considering attrition due to dropout or transferring outliers. A total sample size of approximately 500 participants will be aimed for to account for potential losses during the course of the study and provide robust statistical analyses.

Ethical Considerations:

The proposal will undergo a rigorous review by an Institutional Review Board (IRB) at each participating center, ensuring that all ethical considerations are addressed comprehensively before initiating patient enrollment. Informed consent documents outlining the potential benefits and risks associated with both treatment options will be provided to participants prior to study initiation. Additionally, a data monitoring committee (DMC) will monitor the ongoing progress of the trial for safety concerns or discrepancies in efficacy outcomes.

Conclusion:

This multicenter randomized clinical trial will provide critical evidence regarding the role that ultrasound-guided percutaneous aortic valve replacement can play in managing high-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, potentially revolutionizing current treatment paradigms and improving patient outcomes.

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